Angelina Jolie Has Undergone A Preventive Double Mastectomy - Any Thoughts?

Angie2U
Angie2U Member Posts: 2,991

Actress Angelina Jolie has undergone a preventive double mastectomy, she revealed Tuesday in The New York Times.

She wrote an opinion piece, titled "My Medical Choice," explaining that she underwent the breast removal procedure because she has a mutated BRCA1 gene known to raise a woman's risk of breast and ovarian cancers.

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes work in the body to keep DNA stable and to make sure cells don't grow out of control, according to the National Cancer Institute. But certain mutations of these genes can dramatically raise cancer risk.

Jolie, 37, explained her risks from BRCA1 in the piece:

My doctors estimated that I had an 87 percent risk of breast cancer and a 50 percent risk of ovarian cancer, although the risk is different in the case of each woman.

Only a fraction of breast cancers result from an inherited gene mutation. Those with a defect in BRCA1 have a 65 percent risk of getting it, on average.

Jolie began the process on Feb. 2, when she underwent a "nipple delay" procedure to make sure there is no breast cancer behind the nipple. She completed all the mastectomy procedures on April 27, including breast reconstruction with an implant, she wrote.

"I wanted to write this to tell other women that the decision to have a mastectomy was not easy," she wrote. "But it is one I am very happy that I made. My chances of developing breast cancer have dropped from 87 percent to under 5 percent. I can tell my children that they don’t need to fear they will lose me to breast cancer."

 

The type of mastectomy a person undergoes depends on each individual case. Nipple-sparing mastectomy only involves surgical removal of breast tissue -- not the nipple or areola -- while skin-sparing mastectomy involves removal of all the breast except for the breast skin, according to the Mayo Clinic. A simple mastectomy involves surgical removal of the whole breast, while a modified radical mastectomy involves surgical removal of the whole breast in addition to the chest muscle lining, underarm lymph nodes and sometimes a part of the chest wall.

CNN recently reported on a study showing that preventive mastectomy, also known as prophylactic mastectomy, is more common in the United States than in other countries.

However, the same study showed that many American women get the procedure to prevent cancer recurrence, even though it may not be necessary because of their breast cancer types, AnnArbor.com reported. The procedure is recommended for people like Jolie -- those with a known genetic risk because they possess the BRCA1 or BRCA2, or have a strong family history of the disease, NPR reported.

Earlier this year, 24-year-old Miss America contestantAllyn Rose, announced she was undergoing a preventive mastectomy because she has a strong family history of breast cancer (her mother has the disease).

Here is the link to the story:   http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/14/double-mastectomy-angelina-jolie-_n_3270390.html

 

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Comments

  • Pink Rose
    Pink Rose Member Posts: 493
    My thoughts are that I would

    My thoughts are that I would never have done this.  In my opinion, there still is not enough proof that even if you carry the gene, that you are guaranteed to have bc.  And, the research and doctors say this too.  When women first started having this surgery, I viewed it as a scare tactic, and, I still do somewhat.  Women need to understand that all of your breast tissue can never be removed, even with a mastectomy.  Therefore you can still get bc, even by having a double mastectomy.

    I respect her or anyone else's decision that has this done.  If it gives them peace of mind, then that is good for them.

    And, if you have the BRCA testing done and are found to carry the gene, even though it is suppose to be private, future employers and insurance companies can find out and hold it against you. 

    These are just my thoughts on it.

    Good post Angie!

  • Lynn Smith
    Lynn Smith Member Posts: 1,264 Member
    Pink Rose said:

    My thoughts are that I would

    My thoughts are that I would never have done this.  In my opinion, there still is not enough proof that even if you carry the gene, that you are guaranteed to have bc.  And, the research and doctors say this too.  When women first started having this surgery, I viewed it as a scare tactic, and, I still do somewhat.  Women need to understand that all of your breast tissue can never be removed, even with a mastectomy.  Therefore you can still get bc, even by having a double mastectomy.

    I respect her or anyone else's decision that has this done.  If it gives them peace of mind, then that is good for them.

    And, if you have the BRCA testing done and are found to carry the gene, even though it is suppose to be private, future employers and insurance companies can find out and hold it against you. 

    These are just my thoughts on it.

    Good post Angie!

    I respect her decision and understand

    I respect her decision and understand but I wouldn't do it.I had benign tumors since I was 20.For 6 months I felt I was dying.My mom cried alot since she had bc at age 21.So that many years ago you'd hear"This person has cancer and only 6 months to live.Just what I felt but I was young. 

    I do respect her decision but I think having check ups every year(even though she's not 40) is safe and do self exams. I  only missed 1 check up in 46 years(after having benign tumors at 20).There was a scare so never again.I did self exams and found a tumor and my husband found another.Had surgery and the tumors were benign. It wasn't till I was 62 and my grandson elbowed me in my breast that had the tumors. I'm not a doctor or nurse but instantly I sensed "this isn't good and it wasn't".6 months later I was dx with Stage 0 breast cancer.Lumpectomy but didn't need chemo or radiation. it was my intuition then something isnt right with that blow to my breast.   

    Another  reason I would'nt make that decision is later I may wish I hadn't.Then there's no going back. Even with my sister and her cancer dx recently she wonders if she made some right decisons. She wonders if she should've  had reconstruction???

    Be aware of your body, do self exams, see your doctor regularly and most of all never miss a mammogram.   

    Lynn Smith

  • DebbyM
    DebbyM Member Posts: 3,289 Member

    I respect her decision and understand

    I respect her decision and understand but I wouldn't do it.I had benign tumors since I was 20.For 6 months I felt I was dying.My mom cried alot since she had bc at age 21.So that many years ago you'd hear"This person has cancer and only 6 months to live.Just what I felt but I was young. 

    I do respect her decision but I think having check ups every year(even though she's not 40) is safe and do self exams. I  only missed 1 check up in 46 years(after having benign tumors at 20).There was a scare so never again.I did self exams and found a tumor and my husband found another.Had surgery and the tumors were benign. It wasn't till I was 62 and my grandson elbowed me in my breast that had the tumors. I'm not a doctor or nurse but instantly I sensed "this isn't good and it wasn't".6 months later I was dx with Stage 0 breast cancer.Lumpectomy but didn't need chemo or radiation. it was my intuition then something isnt right with that blow to my breast.   

    Another  reason I would'nt make that decision is later I may wish I hadn't.Then there's no going back. Even with my sister and her cancer dx recently she wonders if she made some right decisons. She wonders if she should've  had reconstruction???

    Be aware of your body, do self exams, see your doctor regularly and most of all never miss a mammogram.   

    Lynn Smith

    I would never do this

    I would never do this either.  But, everyone has choices in what they do in regards to their health.  We all do not have to agree. 

    From what I have read, Hippa and other laws do not protect your privacy to this information about the BRCA test and results  inre to life insurance, disability insurance and long term care insurance.  Everyone needs to be aware of this I think.

    On the show The Talk today, Sharon Osbourne said she had this done last year also.

    Debby

     

     

  • jamiegww
    jamiegww Member Posts: 384
    Nice that she could afford it.

    With breast cancer in one breast, I would have liked to get my other breast removed but my insurance wouldn't cover it.  She goes and gets both breast removed without even having cancer yet!  She just better not ever refer to herself as a breast cancer survivor unless she actually develops the disease.  I imagine she won't have to worry about getting a bad plastic surgeon and ending up with uneven breast either.

      

  • cathyp
    cathyp Member Posts: 376 Member
    As a Hodgkin's Disease

    As a Hodgkin's Disease survivor treated with radiation in 1989 I had a much greater risk getting BC than the average woman.  Starting back then at the age of 29 I had annual mammos.  In 2007 I began to ask my docs for a prophylactic mx's because many HD patients were being dx'd with BC.  My doc said lets wait and see.  Well, it was too late.  I started alternating MRI'S with my mammo's.  In 2007 I was dx'd with IDC and DCIS in 1 breast and LCIS in the other. That left me with no options.  I  all ready knew I could never have rads again to treat the BC and chemo for HD had damaged my heart and lungs to name a few things. So here I was going faithfully for mammos and having breast exams done at least 8 times a year from all my specialists and it made no difference.  It only made sense to get rid of the breast tissue before the cancer since I couln't be treated for the BC.  I should have been more forceful as many HD survivors get prophylactic mx's for this very reason. 

    Eventhough Angelina's situation is a litle different to mine, I could see why she would choose this.  I was not attached to my breasts one bit.  I think some women and men can't wrap their head around that. 

    Cathy

  • Double Whammy
    Double Whammy Member Posts: 2,832 Member
    cathyp said:

    As a Hodgkin's Disease

    As a Hodgkin's Disease survivor treated with radiation in 1989 I had a much greater risk getting BC than the average woman.  Starting back then at the age of 29 I had annual mammos.  In 2007 I began to ask my docs for a prophylactic mx's because many HD patients were being dx'd with BC.  My doc said lets wait and see.  Well, it was too late.  I started alternating MRI'S with my mammo's.  In 2007 I was dx'd with IDC and DCIS in 1 breast and LCIS in the other. That left me with no options.  I  all ready knew I could never have rads again to treat the BC and chemo for HD had damaged my heart and lungs to name a few things. So here I was going faithfully for mammos and having breast exams done at least 8 times a year from all my specialists and it made no difference.  It only made sense to get rid of the breast tissue before the cancer since I couln't be treated for the BC.  I should have been more forceful as many HD survivors get prophylactic mx's for this very reason. 

    Eventhough Angelina's situation is a litle different to mine, I could see why she would choose this.  I was not attached to my breasts one bit.  I think some women and men can't wrap their head around that. 

    Cathy

    What about her ovaries?

    Well, I guess if I was married to Brad Pitt, I'd want to keep my ovaries, too . . . . but she also has a 50% chance of ovarian cancer which is usually not detected early.  Just sayin'

  • Josie21
    Josie21 Member Posts: 382 Member
    cathyp said:

    As a Hodgkin's Disease

    As a Hodgkin's Disease survivor treated with radiation in 1989 I had a much greater risk getting BC than the average woman.  Starting back then at the age of 29 I had annual mammos.  In 2007 I began to ask my docs for a prophylactic mx's because many HD patients were being dx'd with BC.  My doc said lets wait and see.  Well, it was too late.  I started alternating MRI'S with my mammo's.  In 2007 I was dx'd with IDC and DCIS in 1 breast and LCIS in the other. That left me with no options.  I  all ready knew I could never have rads again to treat the BC and chemo for HD had damaged my heart and lungs to name a few things. So here I was going faithfully for mammos and having breast exams done at least 8 times a year from all my specialists and it made no difference.  It only made sense to get rid of the breast tissue before the cancer since I couln't be treated for the BC.  I should have been more forceful as many HD survivors get prophylactic mx's for this very reason. 

    Eventhough Angelina's situation is a litle different to mine, I could see why she would choose this.  I was not attached to my breasts one bit.  I think some women and men can't wrap their head around that. 

    Cathy

    I agree with Cathy

    I was diagnosed with LCIS when I was 34.  Then when I had genetic testing done, I was told I had a gene mutation but not the actual BRCA mutation.  They had no idea what that meant.  I wanted my breasts removed.  Well, every one talked me out of it. And then came DCIS and then ILC in the opposite breast.  At 43 when I was diagnosed with ILC it was almost stage 2, 1.9 cm, they said it had to be growing for 7 years.  I had dense breasts so no mammo, ultrasound or years of MRI's found it until it got bigger.  Then they said you can do a lumpectomy like I had done with my previous DCIS.  Thank God I got a bilateral mastectomy because I was loaded with LCIS on the breast that had the DCIS.  Dense breasts are very hard to diagnose.  The tests are not good enough to see through the breast tissue.  Because of my experience I respect Anjolina's decision.  Maybe she felt in her heart like I did that she was going to get breast cancer.  All I did by waiting was make a noninvasive cancer turn into an invasive cancer that has caused me to take medication that makes me feel like I am 80 years old.  I think we should respect her decision.  

  • CypressCynthia
    CypressCynthia Member Posts: 4,014 Member
    I applaud Jolie for her

    I applaud Jolie for her reasons and decision.  We all know how difficult these decisions are.  I had a mastectomy in 1987 followed by a preventive second mastectomy in 1993, after 2 sisters turned up with cancer.  We are not BRCA+ but we know we have a genetic issue as our cancer lineage is unbelievable.

    One can say screenings are as effective, but, in my personal experience, they are often limited.  For example, my younger sister's mammogram (after my cancer) did shown a small IDC and a lumpectomy was recommended.  She chose a bilateral mastectomy and it was discovered she had a larger, undetected IDC fairly diatal from original lesion.

    Whatever it takes to save a life is so worth it!  My young neighbor has the BRcA gene and is fighting triple negative right now and having a really rough time.  I am not about to criticize anyone for fighting this disease with whatever tools they have at their disposal.

  • CypressCynthia
    CypressCynthia Member Posts: 4,014 Member
    I applaud Jolie for her

    I applaud Jolie for her reasons and decision.  We all know how difficult these decisions are.  I had a mastectomy in 1987 followed by a preventive second mastectomy in 1993, after 2 sisters turned up with cancer.  We are not BRCA+ but we know we have a genetic issue as our cancer lineage is unbelievable.

    One can say screenings are as effective, but, in my personal experience, they are often limited.  For example, my younger sister's mammogram (after my cancer) did shown a small IDC and a lumpectomy was recommended.  She chose a bilateral mastectomy and it was discovered she had a larger, undetected IDC fairly diatal from original lesion.

    Whatever it takes to save a life is so worth it!  My young neighbor has the BRcA gene and is fighting triple negative right now and having a really rough time.  I am not about to criticize anyone for fighting this disease with whatever tools they have at their disposal.

  • DianeBC
    DianeBC Member Posts: 3,881 Member

    I applaud Jolie for her

    I applaud Jolie for her reasons and decision.  We all know how difficult these decisions are.  I had a mastectomy in 1987 followed by a preventive second mastectomy in 1993, after 2 sisters turned up with cancer.  We are not BRCA+ but we know we have a genetic issue as our cancer lineage is unbelievable.

    One can say screenings are as effective, but, in my personal experience, they are often limited.  For example, my younger sister's mammogram (after my cancer) did shown a small IDC and a lumpectomy was recommended.  She chose a bilateral mastectomy and it was discovered she had a larger, undetected IDC fairly diatal from original lesion.

    Whatever it takes to save a life is so worth it!  My young neighbor has the BRcA gene and is fighting triple negative right now and having a really rough time.  I am not about to criticize anyone for fighting this disease with whatever tools they have at their disposal.

    From the posts, everyone

    From the posts, everyone respects her decision.  It is her body, her life, her choice.  I am in agreement that I would never even consider this.  I certainly don't applaud her for this and hope that she doesn't spur a run on women doing this.  Someone on the news today said the "star power" could do that.  I certainly hope not.  It sounds absurd that it would, but, who knows anymore in this world. 

    We all make choices in our everyday lives, some critical to our health, and, some we just do because.  I am sure she researched this to the full extent, and, I pray that she never is diagnosed with breast cancer, but, she still could be.  I hope that she realizes that. 

    Her Mother died from ovarian cancer and I don't think Angelina has had a hysterectomy, but, she could have, and, just never made the announcement.

    I wish her well and as long as she is happy with her decision, that's all that really matters. 

     

    Diane

  • camul
    camul Member Posts: 2,537
    I agree with her decision.
    She is making an informed decision, she wants to do everything she can to be here for her children. I had a single my insurance wouldnt cover a bi.
    I was told I was not high risk! I was given mega hormones fro. yhe time I was 15. I am not responding well to chemo, tumor wise or my body tolerationg this.
    I the braca gene would have been positive 3 of my sisters were prepard. We do not have a lot of bc, only my maternal grandmother, but my mom, grandma and my moms 4 brothers all died of cancer, starting in their early 50's to 80's. Al6 of my dads 7 sibs died of cancer, both his parents with Acl and cll., I lost one brother at 53 to cancer 2 now have cancer, one of them with cll and small cell lymphoma, me with stage IV bc, 3 sisters wNda brother who have had skin cancer, and I am on my 2nd different cancer, had my thyroid andremove and bladder resectioned prior to mets and both biopsies coming back atypical not YET cancer.
    I think she made a.very hard decision so she will be able to give herself a peace of mind in giving herself better odds at being here with and for hose babies.
    You are right, having money gives you opportunity to do this that most of us would not get because of insurance.
    I agree with cc, if this procedure saves her from what I am going through
  • camul
    camul Member Posts: 2,537
    camul said:

    I agree with her decision.
    She is making an informed decision, she wants to do everything she can to be here for her children. I had a single my insurance wouldnt cover a bi.
    I was told I was not high risk! I was given mega hormones fro. yhe time I was 15. I am not responding well to chemo, tumor wise or my body tolerationg this.
    I the braca gene would have been positive 3 of my sisters were prepard. We do not have a lot of bc, only my maternal grandmother, but my mom, grandma and my moms 4 brothers all died of cancer, starting in their early 50's to 80's. Al6 of my dads 7 sibs died of cancer, both his parents with Acl and cll., I lost one brother at 53 to cancer 2 now have cancer, one of them with cll and small cell lymphoma, me with stage IV bc, 3 sisters wNda brother who have had skin cancer, and I am on my 2nd different cancer, had my thyroid andremove and bladder resectioned prior to mets and both biopsies coming back atypical not YET cancer.
    I think she made a.very hard decision so she will be able to give herself a peace of mind in giving herself better odds at being here with and for hose babies.
    You are right, having money gives you opportunity to do this that most of us would not get because of insurance.
    I agree with cc, if this procedure saves her from what I am going through

    cont.
    or anyone else I am all for it.
    Sorry everyone I am doing his from phone and not so good at it!
  • aisling8
    aisling8 Member Posts: 1,627 Member
    DianeBC said:

    From the posts, everyone

    From the posts, everyone respects her decision.  It is her body, her life, her choice.  I am in agreement that I would never even consider this.  I certainly don't applaud her for this and hope that she doesn't spur a run on women doing this.  Someone on the news today said the "star power" could do that.  I certainly hope not.  It sounds absurd that it would, but, who knows anymore in this world. 

    We all make choices in our everyday lives, some critical to our health, and, some we just do because.  I am sure she researched this to the full extent, and, I pray that she never is diagnosed with breast cancer, but, she still could be.  I hope that she realizes that. 

    Her Mother died from ovarian cancer and I don't think Angelina has had a hysterectomy, but, she could have, and, just never made the announcement.

    I wish her well and as long as she is happy with her decision, that's all that really matters. 

     

    Diane

    I completely understand

     

    My daughter-in-law tested positive for the BRCA gene and has been advised to have her ovaries removed and prophylactic mastectomies. She's a beautiful intelligent woman and has handled the test results with dignity and grace, but I can see that it is awfully hard to be 31 thinking about menopause and how to fit surgeries into a schedule that includes potty training her youngest and studying while in grad school.

    For now, she's scanned every six months and has had a biopsy -- all very nerve wracking and scary. My son waited in the lobby during the biopsy and said he watched woman after woman who had been called in for their routine somethings come out that door, but his wife and her not routine something kept not coming through the door.

    So yes, I can see why somebody would choose to be proactive and have the surgeries.

    I just want my family intact, my daughter-in-law happy and healthy. I'll support whatever decision she makes.

    xoxo

    Victoria 

  • JJDS
    JJDS Member Posts: 258
    camul said:

    cont.
    or anyone else I am all for it.
    Sorry everyone I am doing his from phone and not so good at it!

    I wouldn't do it

     This would never be me having a double mastectomy for preventive measures, but for some, this is what they want and they think it will save them from bc.  I know we all pray that she will never have bc and be around for many years to raise her young family.

    I never had the BRCA testing, even though my insurance would have paid for it, as, the counselor that I saw prior to any testing did caution me that the results could be found out.  I hadn't considered the test anyway, but, my cancer center covers every base.

    JJ

  • hope67
    hope67 Member Posts: 181
    It definitely was a hard decision

    I totally agree with Cynthia, your post was just what I was meaning to write. I think that I would do the same thing as Angelina did. I too see the tests limited and if chances of BC get really so high, I would probably make the same decision.

    Carmen

  • RozHopkins
    RozHopkins Member Posts: 578 Member
    It was suggested I have

    It was suggested I have bilateral surgery in my late thirties early fourties  by an English doctor over there.  A very surprising comment at that time and I was shocked.  Didn't do it and wish I had.  Fifteen years later had exactly that, and that is with no positive cancer gene.  

     

    I think she did the right thing.  Yes, she has the children she wants (some dont when diagnosed), she has the money.  Funny I also thought, bet she looks fantastic with a top class plastic surgeon.  

     

    Would not be surprised if sooner or later she has ovaries removed and historectomy.  

     

    True, mastectomies don't mean breast cancer will never happen, she didnt relay that fact and should do so, as most of the public don't realize that fact and as she uses her notoriety she should make this very clear to the masses.

  • Rague
    Rague Member Posts: 3,653 Member
    What worries me is that in

    What worries me is that in the hoopla I've seen about her choice, nowhere has it been stated that while bilateral mastectomies may decrease the possibility of developing BC or redeveloping or mets, the possibility still exist of developing.  It is sad that there will be many women who do not RESEARCH for themselves and erroniously believe that they never have to think about developing BC.  There is no way that every cell of breast tissue can be gotten out.

  • cathyp
    cathyp Member Posts: 376 Member
    Rague said:

    What worries me is that in

    What worries me is that in the hoopla I've seen about her choice, nowhere has it been stated that while bilateral mastectomies may decrease the possibility of developing BC or redeveloping or mets, the possibility still exist of developing.  It is sad that there will be many women who do not RESEARCH for themselves and erroniously believe that they never have to think about developing BC.  There is no way that every cell of breast tissue can be gotten out.

    Angelina shared her story and

    Angelina shared her story and I think that is very powerful for women.  In her story she shared that her individual cancer risk went from 87% to under 5%.  She has been careful to say she will never get breast cancer.  Her story has helped to aid the education and discussion for patients with the braca gene mutation. All that I have read and heard mention the fact that her risk is not zero now.

    I lived for 17 years knowing that the possiblity of breast cancer was higher than not getting it for me. That knowledge greatly effects your quality of life.  Try to imagine knowing your individual risk is 87% or any absurd number. Shame on me for not pushing for my dbl mx's before it was too late for me.  Hightened surveillance did nothing for me so I admire my fellow Hodgkin's Lymphoma survivors who were proactive to have dbl mx's before it was too late for them.

     

  • jojo2
    jojo2 Member Posts: 28
    Angelina

    I think your family history is huge in these decisions. If your mom died of any cancer, huge impact. I had ILC and had dense breast tissue also. No lump just enlarged pores under breast and thicker skin, noted at my physical. The only test that detects ILC well is a thermogram, according to my surgeon. He said my mass was atleast 4 yrs old with 2 mammograms missing it. My Mom had different cancer in each breast so there was no question that I would do a BMX. I was right too, because my clear right breast had ILC insitu. All cancer clinics give discharge counseling with lists of test you need, how often and S/S to look for for recurrence. All seeking this surgery would be counseled on its' advisability. AJ did what she felt she had to do to avoid an almost sure eventual diagnosis. No one objects to people filling their faces with botox, enlarging their breasts or changing their appearance. This surgery is an attempt to save yourself from a awful disease. I'm all for a well informed personal decision, with no judgement. jojo2

  • survivorbc09
    survivorbc09 Member Posts: 4,374 Member
    cathyp said:

    Angelina shared her story and

    Angelina shared her story and I think that is very powerful for women.  In her story she shared that her individual cancer risk went from 87% to under 5%.  She has been careful to say she will never get breast cancer.  Her story has helped to aid the education and discussion for patients with the braca gene mutation. All that I have read and heard mention the fact that her risk is not zero now.

    I lived for 17 years knowing that the possiblity of breast cancer was higher than not getting it for me. That knowledge greatly effects your quality of life.  Try to imagine knowing your individual risk is 87% or any absurd number. Shame on me for not pushing for my dbl mx's before it was too late for me.  Hightened surveillance did nothing for me so I admire my fellow Hodgkin's Lymphoma survivors who were proactive to have dbl mx's before it was too late for them.

     

    Rague, that is what I worry

    Rague, that is what I worry about as I've even read that on here from pink sisters.  I don't know if their oncologist and plastic surgeons aren't making them aware of the fact that they still have breast tissue left and can still get breast cancer.  All of us have made our choices in what surgery we have done, if in fact we have a choice.  Many on here did not have a choice, they had to have a mastectomy.  Her mom died of ovarian cancer so I hope she does look into a hysterectomy, relieving that fear. 

    Angelina's surgery has certainly heightened the attention of breast cancer and for that, I am grateful.  There should have been a cure years ago and why there still isn't frustrates me.  My wish would be no man or woman would ever be diagnosed ever again!

    I also wish they would have everyone get mammo's earlier, at least a base line at 30.  So many young women now are being diagnosed. 

    Jan